Project funded
by theEU–DGEnvironment
L
andsurfacerelevant
forapplication
Artificial surface
Agriculture land
Forest and semi-natural areas
Wetlands
F
inancialcosts
(C
apital
,
operation
&
maintenance
)
Land acquisition
may be needed for restoring wetlands, for example the con-
version of agricultural areas. Costs may vary widely depending on the scale and
nature of the measure. Maintenance requirements can include mowing and grazing
or maintenance of hydraulic structures, but again potentially in some cases on a
large scale. Additional costs may occur in relation to awareness raising activities
and involvement of stakeholders, and investigations and studies may be significant
for large-scale projects.
D
esign
Natural wetlands are most likely to occur in flat areas with certain soil conditions
or in topographic depressions. Restoration of wetland habitats may involve recre-
ation of the
natural hydrological
conditions occurring in those situations, in
cases where they have been altered over time. This can therefore be contributed
to by a wide range of other hydrological alterations and measures. There are no
specific design criteria for wetland restoration, with every situation being
unique.
S
cale
Wetlands can occur naturally in a wide
range of settings and at varying scales.
The scales for restoration and mainte-
nance also vary widely, from small urban
wetland creation to wetland restoration
at a
landscape scale
.
A wetland is an area of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish
or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters.Wetland restoration and management can involve:
technical
,
spatially
large-scale
measures; technical
small-scale
measures such as clearing trees; changes in
land-use and agricultural
measures. It can improve the
hydrological regime of degraded wetlands and generally enhance habitat quality.
Case studies:Wetland restoration inPersina,Bulgaria;Kylmäojankorpi forestedwetland,Vantaa, Finland
Artificial wetlands can also be incorporated in
to SuDS.
HYDROMORPHOLOGY
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