Green cover

Code
A08
Sector
Agriculture
The complete description of the NWRM
a8_-_green_cover.pdf
Summary



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Orchard with green cover

Source: Gonzalo Delacámara’s presentation, NWRM Workshop 1 (Spain)

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP5 - Increase evapotranspiration
Medium
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
Medium
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Medium
BP8 - Reduce pollutant sources
Low
BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
BP11 - Improve soils
Medium
BP14 - Create terrestrial habitats
Low
BP17 - Absorb and/or retain CO2
Medium
ES3 - Natural biomass production
Low
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
Low
ES5 - Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Medium
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
Medium
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
High
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
High
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
High
PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements
Low
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances
Low
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Low
PO6 - Improving chemical status
Low
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
High
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
Medium
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO10 - Protection of important habitats
Low
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
High
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
High
Case study(ies)
Holter-Hammrich Area - Flood Protection and Nature Conservation, Germany
No Tillage Field Trials in lower Austria
Cover Crops and No-Tillage in an Olive Grove (Andalusia, Spain)

Early sowing

Code
A09
Sector
Agriculture
The complete description of the NWRM
a9_-_early_sowing.pdf
Summary

Early sowing refers to sowing up to six weeks before the normal sowing season.  This allows for an earlier and quicker establishment of winter crops that can provide cover over winter and of a root network that leads to soil protection.  The period in which the soil lies bare is shorter and, therefore, erosion and run-off are less significant and water infiltration is improved.  Early sowing can also help to mitigate summer...

 

Early sowed barley (India)

Source: http://sowasia.org/sowing-seeds-early/

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP5 - Increase evapotranspiration
Medium
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
Low
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
BP11 - Improve soils
Medium
BP17 - Absorb and/or retain CO2
Medium
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
Medium
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
High
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
High
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Medium
ES10 - Recreational opportunities
Medium
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Low
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
Low
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
High
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Medium
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Medium

Traditional terracing

Code
A10
Sector
Agriculture
The complete description of the NWRM
a10_-_traditional_terracing.pdf
Summary

Traditional terraces consist of nearly level platforms built along contour lines of slopes, mostly sustained by stone walls, used for farming on hilly terrain.  By reducing the effective slope of land, terracing can reduce erosion and surface run-off by slowing rainwater to a non-erosive velocity. This also increases the degree if infiltration and improves soil moisture.  However, abandonment of traditional terracing can result in...

 

Traditional terracing in montane area

Source: Gonzalo Delacámara’s presentation, NWRM Workshop 1 (Spain)

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP1 - Store runoff
High
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
High
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
Medium
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
High
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Medium
ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value
High
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
Medium
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Medium
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Medium
Case study(ies)
Traditional terracing in Veneto, Italy
Water retention spaces, reforestation and grazing management in southern Portugal

Controlled traffic farming

Code
A11
Sector
Agriculture
Other sector(s)
Forest
The complete description of the NWRM
a11_-_controlled_traffic_farming.pdf
Summary

Controlled traffic farming (CTF) is a system which confines all machinery loads to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. Current farming systems allow machines to run at random over the land, compacting around 75% of the area within one season and at least the whole area by the second season. Soils don’t recover quickly, taking as much as a few years. A proper CTF system on the other hand can reduce tracking to just 15% and this...

 

Tractor applying the principle of CTF

Source: http://www.abc.net.au/landline/stories/s652276.htm

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
Low
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Medium
BP8 - Reduce pollutant sources
Medium
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
Medium
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
Low
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
Medium
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
Medium
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Medium
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Low
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Low
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Low

Reduced stocking density

Code
A12
Sector
Agriculture
The complete description of the NWRM
a12_-_reduced_stocking_density.pdf
Summary

Livestock, particularly heavy species such as cattle, can have a number of damaging impacts on soil including compaction, destruction of soil structure (poaching) and loss of vegetation. These impacts can reduce infiltration of water into the soil, resulting in pooling and water logging with consequent impacts of denitrification and nitrous oxide emissions. Soil compaction will also increase the risk of run-off with consequent...

 

Sheep separated to reduce stocking density

Source: http://www.evergraze.com.au/library-content/long-term-phosphate-trial/

Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
Medium
BP11 - Improve soils
Medium
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
Low
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
Medium
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
Medium
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Medium
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Medium
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Medium
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
Medium
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
Medium
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Low
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Low
Case study(ies)
Restoration of Wetlands in the Western Lowland Area of the Dümmer Lake, Germany

Basins and ponds

Code
N01
Sector
Hydro Morphology
Other sector(s)
Agriculture
Urban
Forest
The complete description of the NWRM
n1_-_basins_and_ponds.pdf
Summary

Detention basins and ponds are water bodies storing surface run-off. A detention basin is free from water in dry weather flow conditions, whereas a pond (e.g. retention ponds, flood storage reservoirs, shallow impoundments) contains water during dry weather, and is designed to hold more when it rains.

A pond in forest

Source: Gebhard Schueler’s presentation, NWRM Workshop 1

A basin in the landscape (US)

Source: http://archive.inside.iastate.edu/2008/0703/rain.shtml
Possible benefits with level
Benefits Level
BP1 - Store runoff
High
BP2 - Slow runoff
High
BP6 - Increase infiltration and/or groundwater recharge
High
BP7 - Increase soil water retention
Low
BP9 - Intercept pollution pathways
Medium
BP10 - Reduce erosion and/or sediment delivery
Low
BP12 - Create aquatic habitat
Low
ES1 - Water storage
High
ES2 - Fish stocks and recruiting
Low
ES3 - Natural biomass production
Low
ES4 - Biodiversity preservation
Low
ES6 - Groundwater/aquifer recharge
High
ES7 - Flood risk reduction
High
ES8 - Erosion/sediment control
Low
ES9 - Filtration of pollutants
Medium
ES10 - Recreational opportunities
Medium
ES11 - Aesthetic/cultural value
Medium
PO1 - Improving status of biology quality elements
Low
PO2 - Improving status of physico-chemical quality elements
Low
PO3 - Improving status of hydromorphology quality elements
Low
PO4 - Improving chemical status and priority substances
Low
PO5 - Improving quantitative status
Low
PO6 - Improving chemical status
Low
PO7 - Prevent surface water status deterioration
Low
PO8 - Prevent groundwater status deterioration
Medium
PO9 - Take adequate and co-ordinated measures to reduce flood risks
High
PO11 - Better protection for ecosystems and more use of Green Infrastructure
Low
PO12 - More sustainable agriculture and forestry
Low
PO13 - Better management of fish stocks
Low
PO14 - Prevention of biodiversity loss
Low
Case study(ies)
Restoration of Amalvas and Žuvintas Wetlands, Lithuania
Reconstruction and modernization of existing and construction of new reservoirs and ponds in rural areas of Poland
Kylmäojankorpi forested wetland, Vantaa, Finland
River Tolka constructed wetland and enhancements, Ireland
Slowing the Flow at Pickering, UK
Rural runoff attenuation in the Belford catchment, UK
Horstergrub sediment management, Belgium
Water supply and rehabilitation in Nagyszeksos-to Southern Hungary
Landscape revitalisation program in Slovakia
Recovery of dried out communities in Slovakia
Holbina-Dunavat Restoration Project, Romania
Restoration of water wells in the Miren-Kostanjevica Municipality, Slovenia
Pollution Treatment on the Glinščica, Slovenia
Water retention spaces, reforestation and grazing management in southern Portugal
Restoration of hydrological system in the Middle basin of Biebrza Valley, Poland
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